23

金屬波紋管的設計和選型

在(zai)(zai)(zai)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，系統(tong)（整機）或(huo)子系統(tong)（部(bu)(bu)件(jian)）給定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)據(ju)。一(yi)(yi)般給定(ding)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾(ji)項(xiang)： ? （1）最大(da)空間尺寸或(huo)通(tong)徑 （2）工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)載荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao) （3）工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)位(wei)移(yi)量(liang) （4）工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)范圍(wei) （5）工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi) （6）精度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) （7）使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命 ? 金屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容和(he)(he)原則 ? 波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)容是(shi)(shi)：根(gen)據(ju)系統(tong)給定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已(yi)知(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)來(lai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)刑式(shi)、幾(ji)何尺寸參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，應當滿(man)足(zu)系統(tong)對波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，并(bing)力(li)(li)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)做到結(jie)(jie)構(gou)先進(jin)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)．在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行優(you)化(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。實踐(jian)證(zheng)明，波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)非常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)果設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)不合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)，波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)再高(gao)(gao)也(ye)滿(man)足(zu)不了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 ? 1．材(cai)料(liao)(liao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) ? 根(gen)據(ju)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)，載荷(he)種(zhong)類(lei)和(he)(he)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，精度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命等(deng)(deng)(deng)已(yi)知(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)，并(bing)考(kao)慮材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)焊接工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。材(cai)料(liao)(liao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮其市場來(lai)源。 ? 2．確(que)定(ding)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)型(xing)(xing)式(shi) ? （1）選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)形(xing)(xing)狀 ? 根(gen)據(ju)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)各(ge)種(zhong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)特點等(deng)(deng)(deng)因素(su)來(lai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)比(bi)較(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)形(xing)(xing)狀。在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)般情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)U 型(xing)(xing)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 ? （2）確(que)定(ding)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)層(ceng)(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu) ? 根(gen)據(ju)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓力(li)(li)、剛度(du)(du)(du)(du)、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)因素(su)確(que)定(ding)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓力(li)(li)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，對于(yu)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)其層(ceng)(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)壁(bi)厚(hou)。 ? （3）初(chu)步估定(ding)是(shi)(shi)否要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與其它彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元件(jian)聯(lian)用(yong)(yong)(yong) ? 有(you)些(xie)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與螺(luo)旋(xuan)彈(dan)(dan)簧并(bing)聯(lian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，這(zhe)些(xie)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)分(fen)別是(shi)(shi): 為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)測量(liang)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)；工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓力(li)(li)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he)(he)(he)(he)；有(you)沖擊載荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。 ? （4）選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端端部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)型(xing)(xing)式(shi) ? 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端端部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)型(xing)(xing)式(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮兩端結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、焊接工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)(he)整個(ge)系統(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)。 ? （5）考(kao)慮是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)裝置(zhi)(zhi) ? 當波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)效長度(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi)較(jiao)長時，為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)避(bi)免在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生柱狀失穩，應考(kao)慮增加(jia)(jia)導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。例如(ru)，閥用(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)般都設(she)(she)有(you)導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。 ? （6） 考(kao)慮是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan) ? 為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)適(shi)應較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)，或(huo)者(zhe)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)兩種(zhong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)(he)(he)(he)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)是(shi)(shi)局部(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)，多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)是(shi)(shi)整體加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)。 ? 3．設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算和(he)(he)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu) ? 波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)取決于(yu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)包括內(nei)(nei)徑、外徑、壁(bi)厚(hou)、波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)距(ju)、波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)厚(hou)、波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、層(ceng)(ceng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，兩端配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)尺寸以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)有(you)效長度(du)(du)(du)(du)、總長度(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)般情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶應從有(you)關標準和(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品樣(yang)本(ben)中(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而不是(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)品。這(zhe)樣(yang)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)研制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題減到更少，同(tong)(tong)時還(huan)能(neng)(neng)降低(di)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)(he)縮短制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)周期。 ? 4．設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu) ? 在(zai)(zai)(zai)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)尺寸參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)經過設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算或(huo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)(xing)初(chu)步確(que)定(ding)之后，再設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。如(ru)果波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)時，應適(shi)當修正波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)何尺寸參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)不同(tong)(tong)，其技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)不一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時應當根(gen)據(ju)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方法。測量(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)常主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)剛度(du)(du)(du)(du)、強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。雖然(ran)不同(tong)(tong)幾(ji)何形(xing)(xing)狀、尺寸參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)種(zhong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)都可以(yi)(yi)(yi)滿(man)足(zu)同(tong)(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應力(li)(li)值卻不一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)。那些(xie)既能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)剛度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，而且(qie)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時產(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應力(li)(li)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案是(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。應力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減小(xiao)(xiao)不僅提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)安全系數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，而且(qie)也(ye)降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)對遲滯(zhi)、后效、疲(pi)勞(lao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，從而提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)可靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。